What are enumerated powers?

Enumerated powers refer to the specific authorities granted to Congress as outlined in the United States Constitution, particularly in Article I, Section 8. These powers are explicitly listed, providing a clear framework within which Congress can operate. The Constitution authors intended to limit the government's authority to those powers explicitly mentioned, ensuring that Congress does not overreach beyond its defined scope.

For example, the power to tax, to regulate commerce, and to declare war are all enumerated powers. This specificity fosters a sense of accountability and predictability in governance, allowing citizens and states to understand the precise functions of the federal government. Understanding enumerated powers is crucial because they establish the groundwork for federal lawmaking and delineate the boundaries of congressional authority.