What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two separate chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. This structure was established in the Constitution and is designed to balance representation based on population in the House with equal representation for each state in the Senate.

The House of Representatives is made up of members elected based on the population of each state, which allows for a more democratic system where states with larger populations have more representatives. On the other hand, the Senate comprises two senators from each state, regardless of its population, which ensures that smaller states have an equal voice in the legislative process. This dual structure is fundamental to the functioning of the federal government and provides a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch.

The other options mention entities that do not belong to the U.S. Congress. For instance, the Presidency is part of the executive branch of government, not the legislative branch. The Supreme Court represents the judicial branch, while the Cabinet is also part of the executive branch and does not have legislative powers. Therefore, the House of Representatives and the Senate are the only two components that constitute the U.S. Congress.