What does apportionment refer to in the context of Congress?

Apportionment in the context of Congress specifically refers to the process by which the number of Representatives that each state is entitled to in the House of Representatives is determined based on the state’s population. After each decennial census, the total population of the United States is counted, and the 435 seats in the House are redistributed among the states to ensure that representation is proportional to the population. This principle is rooted in the Constitution and is crucial for maintaining fair representation; states with larger populations receive more representatives, while those with smaller populations receive fewer.

The other options, while relevant to aspects of government, do not pertain to apportionment. The distribution of executive power relates more to the balance of power among the branches of government, the allocation of federal funds involves budgeting and fiscal policies, and the process of amending the Constitution focuses on how changes to the Constitution can be made. These concepts are important in their own right but are separate from the process of apportionment concerning congressional representation.