What is the supreme law of the land?

The Constitution is referred to as the supreme law of the land because it establishes the fundamental framework and principles of the United States government. It is the highest legal authority in the country, meaning that all laws and actions taken by the government must align with its provisions. This supremacy is outlined in Article VI, Clause 2 of the Constitution, often known as the Supremacy Clause, which asserts that the Constitution, and laws made in accordance with it, take precedence over state laws and other legislative acts. This foundational role of the Constitution ensures a consistent legal framework that governs the rights of citizens and the powers of government entities.

The Bill of Rights, while significant in protecting individual freedoms, is an integral part of the Constitution, specifically the first ten amendments. The Declaration of Independence is a historical document that proclaimed the colonies' intention to separate from British rule but does not serve as a governing document. The Federalist Papers are a series of essays promoting the ratification of the Constitution and discussing its principles but are not law themselves. Thus, the Constitution stands out as the ultimate legal authority.