What role does the Supreme Court play within the government?

The Supreme Court plays a critical role in the American government through judicial review of laws. This function allows the Court to interpret the Constitution and assess whether legislation or executive actions comply with constitutional provisions. By exercising judicial review, the Supreme Court ensures that laws passed by Congress or actions taken by the executive branch adhere to the framework established by the Constitution. This power was established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which set the precedent for the Court's authority to invalidate laws that it finds unconstitutional.

In contrast, legislating laws falls under the authority of Congress, while enforcing laws is primarily the responsibility of the executive branch. Electing officials is a function of the electorate through democratic processes. The Supreme Court's unique position in conducting judicial review is vital in maintaining the system of checks and balances that is essential to the function of American democracy, highlighting its role as a guardian of the Constitution.