What type of government is characterized by absolute power exercised by one individual?

A government characterized by absolute power exercised by one individual is known as a dictatorship. In this form of government, a single leader holds significant authority, often making decisions without the consent or input of others. This concentration of power enables the dictator to enforce their will and maintain control over the state and its citizens.

In contrast, democracy involves the participation of the populace in decision-making processes, typically through elected representatives or direct voting. Oligarchy refers to a system where a small group of individuals holds power, often based on wealth, social status, or political influence, rather than a single ruler. A republic, while it may have a president or leader, is defined by the rule of law and elected representation, where the rights of individuals and the community are paramount. Thus, the distinctive feature of absolute power resides solely in the context of a dictatorship.