Which branch of government does the dual court system operate independently from?

The dual court system operates independently from the executive and legislative branches. This system refers to the existence of both federal and state courts in the United States, where each operates under its own jurisdiction and authority. The judicial branch, which includes these courts, is designed to interpret and apply laws independently of the legislative branch, which creates laws, and the executive branch, which enforces them.

This independence is crucial for maintaining checks and balances within the government. Each branch has its defined roles and responsibilities, allowing the courts to adjudicate cases based on the law without influence from the political pressures or agendas of the other branches. This separation helps ensure a fair and impartial judicial process, which is fundamental to the rule of law in a democracy.