Which branch of government is responsible for judicial review?

The judicial branch is responsible for judicial review, a process that allows courts to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive actions. This power was established in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which affirmed the judiciary's role in interpreting the law and ensuring that no law or action violates the Constitution.

Judicial review serves as a critical check on the powers of the other branches of government, ensuring that legislative and executive actions remain within the constitutional framework. Through judicial review, courts have the authority to overturn laws or actions that they find unconstitutional, thereby upholding the principles of accountability and constitutional supremacy in the American legal system. This power reinforces the balance of power among the branches of government, which is a fundamental aspect of the U.S. system of checks and balances.