Which of the following best describes the powers primarily held by Congress?

The option identifying the powers to regulate interstate commerce accurately captures a fundamental authority granted to Congress by the Constitution. The Commerce Clause, found in Article I, Section 8, empowers Congress to regulate commerce among the states, with foreign nations, and with Native American tribes. This power is crucial for maintaining a consistent economic framework across state lines, ensuring that interstate trade is conducted smoothly and fairly.

Regulating interstate commerce not only enables Congress to set rules that govern trade between states but also serves as a basis for Federal Regulation in various sectors, including transportation, labor, and environmental standards. This broad power has been interpreted expansively over time, allowing Congress to address a wide range of issues that impact the economy and the health of the nation.

The other options do not properly encapsulate the primary powers of Congress. For instance, conducting foreign affairs is primarily the responsibility of the executive branch, led by the President, although Congress does have some roles, such as ratifying treaties and regulating foreign commerce. Additionally, while Congress shares some powers with the President, such as in foreign affairs and budgetary considerations, the power to regulate interstate commerce is firmly established as a congressional power. Lastly, while Congress does have implied powers that expand its reach beyond those explicitly listed in the